Kenneth kaunda biography pdf directory

Alternative models of rural development of encouraging artisanal miners were overlooked and a model whereby economic activity was dependent on foreign investment was entrenched. Kaunda spoke sympathetically of smallscale miners while implementing policies that effectively marginalised them. Artisanal miners were criminalised and the most lucrative deposits were reserved for mining in partnership with a foreign company.

This was the outcome of a development process that emphasised the central role of the state. Caramento and Siwale-Mulenga explain that foreign investment and industrial mining were considered to be easier to monitor and tax, while artisanal mining was viewed as an illegal activity that was difficult to formalise and regulate. Policy decisions from the early s had long-term implications that extended far beyond the UNIP-era.

Caramento and Siwale-Mulenga show that the decision to marginalise artisanal miners contributed to the present-day situation whereby emerald mining in Zambia is dominated by a private company, Kagem Mining. There has been little support for artisanal mining and it is only discussed as a livelihood in times of economic distress. This points towards structural limitations for economic diversification in this period as the need to sustain the copper industry arguably stifled other economic sectors.

Despite stated intent, economic policy was ultimately determined by the need to access foreign exchange. Zambia was officially a one-party state in these years but the state was far from all-powerful. As they show, smuggling remained rife and many artisanal miners evaded restrictions imposed by the Ministry of Mines. Small, light and very valuable, gemstones are ideally suited to evading customs and other forms of taxation and up to K million approx.

The extent of black markets encompassing government officials, customs officers and police under the one-party state would be worth exploring. More broadly, the inability of the Zambian state to control newly nationalised economic sectors, and why this was the case, deserves wider research. Trade was liberalised with the sharp reduction in tariffs, subsidies for mealie meal and agricultural inputs were eliminated, currency controls were abolished by and almost all stateowned enterprises were privatised, including the mining industry Craig, In Zambia, the aftermath of structural adjustment was devastating for many people Mususa Much of this debate has, as Gubser points out, been characterised by a kind of cost-benefit analysis and by the assumption that structural adjustment was inevitable.

This assumption overlooks the wide-ranging debates that took place at the time, which Gubser focuses on. While structural adjustment was championed by the MMD and triumphed over other ideas, this was not inevitable. Ideas not adopted and paths not taken are often forgotten and the eventual outcome of historically contingent and contested processes can seem like the only possible outcome.

Gubser focuses on Lusaka-based intellectual groups, particularly the Economic Association of Zambia headed by Akashambatwa MbikusitaLewanika. It was not automatic that political liberalism required economic liberalism and the equation of the two owes more to the ideas of the Washington Consensus that free-market capitalism and democracy were necessary partners than debates within Zambia.

Local intellectuals soon found themselves marginalised. The new MMD government relied on advisers from the Harvard Institute for International Development and retention of these foreign advisors became a condition for renewal of credit for the World Bank. This was not entirely an external imposition. Gubser identifies a marked intellectual shift in Zambia from the mids towards free-market economics.

Chiluba was part of a general intellectual trend, however, and Gubser highlights others who made the same move. Particularly striking is the case of Mbita Chitala who had been an editor of the Journal of African Marxists and was subsequently a staunch supporter of structural adjustment as Deputy Finance Minister, though he later regretted this.

Opposition to UNIP brought together a broad coalition of interests, including mass organisations like churches and trade unions who played a role in establishing the MMD. After two decades of one-party rule, how did people imagine their future? Liberation Wars in Southern Africa Internationally, Kaunda is mostly remembered for his support for anti-colonial movements in Southern Africa and his role as a mediator in the liberation wars that raged across the region from the s to the s.

This is partly because the emphasis in this literature has mostly been on countries where the actual fighting took took place, rather than those who were hosting the liberation movements, like Zambia and Tanzania. This is also reflected in terms of accessibility to liberation sources, i. The United Nations Institute for Namibia was established in in Lusaka to provide education to Namibians to prepare them to take up roles in an independent Namibia.

Based on documentation from the official archives from Britain and Zambia, Schauer shows that the strategy was part of a carefully negotiated neocolonial relationship to elicit security guarantees from Britain that temporarily shielded Zambia against military aggression from Rhodesia after the latter declared independence under white minority rule in Zambia was short of military hardware after the breaking up of the Central African Federation in The Unilateral Declaration of Independence by Rhodesia in was a statement of hostile intent towards newly-independent African states around it.

Zambia was bombed by both Rhodesian and Portuguese jets in the s and s. This forced Zambia to arm itself, and it first turned to Britain as a source of weapons. Arms cooperation fell apart in when the Conservative Party returned to power in Britain and supported arming South Africa, while Zambia successfully and rapidly broadened military procurement with purchases from Italy and Yugoslavia.

As Zambia shifted its international policy, the post-colonial links with the UK went into decline. Anti-colonial nationalism was not an elite phenomenon in Zambia and there was widespread kenneth kaunda biography pdf directory opposition to the Central African Federation, especially from the late s. Scholars often refer to the relatively high level of urbanisation in Zambia and the development of new urban centres attracted considerable academic attention from the s onwards as being emblematic of a major social transformation underway Potts, It was straightforward to construct a narrative between colonial oppression, urban discontent and strikes and growing support for nationalists.

Most people in Zambia, however, live in rural areas, and this was even more the case in the late colonial period. Here, the colonial state was weak or even barely existent. What motivated politics for the majority of people? Elsewhere in Southern Africa, the link between land and anti-colonial protest is well-established and scholars have studied this extensively.

Luapula, like most of the colony, had virtually no white settler farmers, who were concentrated along the line of rail in southern Zambia. How were rural populations mobilised by nationalist political parties? Scholars have discussed rural grievances and opposition to colonial agricultural policies, though often in general terms for a notable exception see Musambachime Chama draws attention to the specificities of Luapula to explain political discontent, namely the dominance of cassava as a staple crop which elsewhere was displaced by maize.

The Lusaka National Museum. The construction of the new museum, which started in the late s, was delayed due to the political changes of which saw the exit of UNIP and the entry of MMD into government. Such a shift in focus from the initial direction of a national museum is apparently not uncommon. It officially opened its doors to the public on the 25th of October The museum has two galleries, one on the ground floor and the other on the upper floor of the museum building.

The lower gallery is a temporary exhibition space in which temporary exhibitions on various themes and contemporary art are exhibited. In this regard, the chapter argues that much like was apparently the case with regards the Australian National Francis B. To access the floor after entering the museum, one climbed a flight of stairs to the right of an information desk.

The first floor gallery had a square shaped dwarf wall, about one meter high which was situated towards the centre of the floor, beyond which was an open hollow space that opened onto the ground floor. At the time of visitation in Augustthe displays on the first floor were placed a short distance away from and around the dwarf wall which had a metal railing above it.

Inside the display cases were casts that were placed horizontally in two rows which included those of Australopithecus Africanus, Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus and the Bodo Skull. This research does not give any recommendations about the exhibition. Yet, the authenticity of the trace exceeds reality, and merges with the imaginary creating an encompassing image from details, by capturing the transience of a moment in time.

However, some important leads and suggestions were provided. See also Barthes, R. No notice forbidding taking of photographs was seen on the ground floor of the Lusaka National Museum. A number of display boards were not numbered. The display boards were complemented by a few glass fronted display cases most of which housed political campaign materials.

The documentary and other display materials were usually glued onto the soft boards of the display boards. These details included the former name of the country, its size, that it is entirely landlocked, its population as well as the ethnic groups that make it up. The individuals in the photographs were all formally dressed, mostly in suits, and seemed to have been posing for the camera whereby the front row of seven men were seated while the rest stood in two rows behind them.

All of the individuals in the photo appeared to be gazing in one direction. The documents included a copy of the minutes of a meeting of the Lusaka Native Welfare Association on 19th January and another that briefly outlined how the federation of African Welfare Societies transformed into a political party, the Northern Rhodesia African Congress in This aspect can be argued to be similar to the trend observed by Dwyer with regards the representations of Martin Luther King Jnr.

Mr Siwale died at the age of This can be argued to relate, in some ways, with the post focus on Zambian political history. W Historical notes on political development in Zambia, 4; Robert I. While this assertion can be seen to be factually incorrect with regards the formation of UNIP which took place after Julythe valorization of the role played by UNIP has also been contended.

As Rose, following Foster, has argued with regards the aspect of visuality, both the ways in which people see and what is seen can be considered to be culturally constructed. W Historical notes on political development in Zambia, 4, in which he posits that Kenneth Kaunda played an important part in the Mufulira Welfare Society in about when he was a School Master.

Though seemingly a later addition to the display, this particular information board can, in a way, be argued to have defined in principle, the History of Zambia exhibition. Seven documents made up the representation which divided the history of Zambia into seven epochs, namely; colonial rule,Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland,struggle for IndependenceTransition period, First RepublicSecond Republicand threshold of Third Republic.

Between the syndromes of discovery and abolition, 1. This is perhaps unsurprising given that Kenneth Kaunda and the ruling party UNIP often spearheaded and influenced the politics of the time. The one on top featured Kenneth Kaunda who was sited next to the last Governor of Northern Rhodesia, Evelyn Hone, in the front row while members of his cabinet stood behind them.

Between the syndromes of discovery and abolition, 2. At least you get an idea. They are a medium of expression, and like any medium have strengths and weaknesses. Compared to some other media, exhibitions are blunt instruments, unable to convey certain highly nuanced ideas or complex concepts effectively. In getting their messages across, museums can add other media to exhibitions, such as video clips, computer stations, sounds capes, and portable electronic guides, to give the nuances some subjects might demand.

Alas, although exhibits contain historical artifacts, the physical context that gives them meaning can only be simulated, not replicated, in uncompromising detail. Nor can exhibitions bear the burden of fact that can be packed into books. Catalogues and other publications continue to be the best vehicle for conveying densely-packed information.

David Dean and Peter E. The chapter argued that the emergence of the independent state in many African nations saw the production of particular versions of history especially in the public domain. It argued that these histories and heritages tended to be initiated by ruling elites or their surrogates. It has suggested that it is the post focus that has largely dominated the coverage of political history within the history texts utilised in Zambian schools.

The chapter has also suggested that an institutional framework, often through a heritage institution is often necessary to provide the administrative and management aspect to what is deemed to be heritage. The chapter has also posited that national heritage sites or monuments such as the case studies do not have static heritage values but acquire different meanings over time.

The chapter has thus argued that unlike Chilenje House National Monument which is still valued and presented to the public as a key national heritage site or monument associated with Kenneth Kaunda in Zambia, the Kabompo House National Monument has been neglected. It has argued that this neglect has resulted from competing demands for the resource and the different meanings attached to it.

These relations of domination tended to kenneth kaunda biography pdf directory in representations that valorised the roles played by Kenneth Kaunda and UNIP, at the expense of other individuals and groups, in the political history of the country. The emphasis has been to evaluate the productions and the politics of the productions of these knowledges in order to show some of their underlying currents and frictions.

But, within these presentations, there have been changes. The only predictable thing about the future directions of the changes to these representations is that, they are unpredictable. Letter from W. Chileshe, 16th NovemberChilenje House No. National Heritage Conservation Commission Act no. Interviews and Personal Communications undertaken by author Personal communication with tenant of Kabompo House National Monument, Kabompo, 31st Mayanonymity respected Personal communication with G.

Jamu Banda, Personal communication, Lusaka, 28th August Barthes, Camera Lucida, trans. Richard Howard, London: Vintage, Brilliant, Portraiture, London: Reaktion Books, Stuart Hall edRepresentation: cultural representations and signifying practices, London: Sage Publications, Henry S. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, George S.

Laura M. Douglas G. Francis B. Theme Issue 40, December D Thesis, University of Warwick, D Thesis, University of South Africa, Noel L. D dissertation, University of Legon, Living the end of empire: politics and society in late colonial Zambia Joan Dritsas Haig. Zambia, the freedom struggle and the aftermath: The personal story of freedom fighter and leader Sylvester Mwamba Chisembele Ackson Kanduza.

Gestalt Happy Reader. Moral Values in Ancient Egypt anthony alcock. Selected papers Guillermo R Simari. Los recursos intangibles en la normatividad contable mexicana. Impact of joint theater trauma system initiatives on battlefield injury outcomes Rifat Latifi. Accuracy assessment of a potential clinical use of navigation-guided intra-operative kenneth kaunda biography pdf directory metastasis brachytherapy—a planning study Daniel M Aebersold.

Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. Uploaded by station Hamburger icon An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. Web icon An illustration of a computer application window Wayback Machine Texts icon An illustration of an open book. Texts Video icon An illustration of two cells of a film strip.

Video Audio icon An illustration of an audio speaker. Audio Software icon An illustration of a 3. Load more. Copy Link. Recommended publications. Charisma and politics in post-colonial Africa Abstract This paper examines the interaction between charisma and politics in Africa. Two broad groups of charismatic political leaders are discussed: those who came to the fore during the era of independence struggles and saw themselves as an embodiment of their nation states and having a transformative impact over the societies they led, and those who emerged largely in response to the failure of the first group or the discontent of post-colonial delivery, and sought political power to enhance their own personal interests.

In both instances, the leaders emerged in a context of a crisis: the collapse of colonialism, the disintegration of the one-party state model and economic collapse. Keywords: charisma; leadership; colonialism; one-party state; democracy. Introduction The concept of charisma entered the lexicon of the social sciences more than a century ago and is credited to German sociologist Max Weber Alvin W.

Anthropology Faculty Publications. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Louis, Missouri, USA. They may be able to get that greater share by forcing through better terms of trade or better terms in aid, but they will never get any greater share by continuing along present paths, whereby each weak and poor country "negotiates" separately with strong and rich developed countries and supranational emities such as the World Bank and major private companies.

If they hope to break thos. Bracey, Jr. ISBN 1.

Kenneth kaunda biography pdf directory

Afro-Americans—Civil rights—History—20th century—Sources. Black power—United States—History—Sources. Black nationalism—United States— History—20th century—Sources. Baraka, Imamu Amiri, — —Archives. Woodard, Komozi. Boehm, Randolph. Lewis, Daniel, —. Guide to the microfilm edition of the Black power movement. Title: Amiri Baraka from black arts to Black radicalism.

All rights reserved. ISBN Manuscript Division Finding Aids. Attended London School of Economics for one semester. We do not forget you in the day of Page our triumph. We say for you in the words of the th psalm: 'Turn again our captivity, 0 Lord. My people and I believe that we have a special President: Mr.